FUCHS DYSTROPHY

What is Fuchs' dystrophy? 

Fuchs’ dystrophy is one of the most commonly inherited abnormalities of the cornea. A corneal dystrophy is a non-inflammatory inherited condition that may be progressive and affect both eyes. In Fuchs’ dystrophy, the internal cell lining of the cornea, called the endothelium, becomes damaged. As the cell damage worsens, fluid can accumulate in the cornea, which will slowly reduce vision.

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What causes Fuchs' dystrophy? 

If either parent has Fuchs’ dystrophy, chances of developing the condition are 50%. Fuchs’ dystrophy usually does not manifest until patients are in their 40s and is more common in women.

What are the risk factors for Fuchs' dystrophy? 

Having a family medical history of Fuchs’ dystrophy may place you at greater risk for developing the condition.

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How can Fuchs' dystrophy be prevented? 

Fuchs’ dystrophy is generally believed to be an inherited condition. As such, there are no preventative measures for Fuchs’ dystrophy.

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How is Fuchs' dystrophy diagnosed? 

The condition builds up initially during sleep, when the eye is closed, and eventually small blisters may form. Initially patients will notice blurred vision that is worse in the morning and glare or halos around lights. As the dystrophy progresses, the vision will be blurred all day as the cornea becomes cloudy. The shape of the cornea may change, worsening vision problems. Symptoms include the following:

• Eye pain

• Sensitivity to light

• Blurred or worsening vision

• Colored halos around lights

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How is Fuchs' dystrophy treated? 

Treatment for Fuchs’ dystrophy begins with hypertonic saline drops to help remove excess fluid from the cornea. If the drops no longer provide relief, surgery in the form of a Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) or a Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) can be performed to replace the damaged endothelium. More rarely, a full thickness corneal transplant has to be performed to restore good vision. Fuchs’ dystrophy will worsen over time, so it is important to follow up regularly for close monitoring.